If the theoretical "Big Bang" created mostly hydrogen, helium and their isotopes and other things such as stars and explosion created the heavier elements, I don't really understand how stars formed from hydrogen and helium.
Hydrogen and helium dissipate in a vacuum. At below 14.01 Kelvin, they are a metal and can clump together. However, as soon as enough heat is generated, they should change into a gas and dissipate.
Maybe a planet-sized clump of metallic hydrogen formed and in the center, the metallic hydrogen got very hot. Would it have enough energy to implode into a star? Or would it explode with enough force to create heavier elements?
Maybe metallic hydrogen planets smashed into each other at tremendous speeds? That could create heavier elements and eventually cause star formation. That sounds more likely.
Jupiter and other gaseous planets are thought to have cores of metallic hydrogen.
But I don't like the "Big Bang" theory, as it stands now.
I like the theory that eventually all mass becomes energy (theoretically, all mass decays to hydrogen, which then decays into radiation energy), and since theoretically energy isn't affected by time or space, there will be a moment when all the energy in the universe is without time or space, which is what people call a "singularity" and from which supposedly came the "big bang", according to theorists. I think I prefer the term "sudden existence" of mass and space, which would do away with the need for cosmic inflation.
Maybe dark matter is metallic clumps of hydrogen, helium, lithium and other stuff that are too small to be visibly detected directly, and can be detected only through their gravitational effects on surrounding galaxies?
"Dark energy"? Could be the effects of pressure from all the photons and radiation shooting out in all directions. If scientist say they can build a solar sail to propel spaceships, then they should agree that photons and radiation exert pressure on mass causing them to spread out. Will this account for all the "dark energy"? I don't know. Could do the math. Maybe someday...
Did you know that the "edges of the universe" move away from each other at faster than the speed of light?
Wikipedia - Expansion of the Universe
Excerpt -
"This can be seen when observing distant galaxies more than the Hubble radius away from us (approximately 4.5 gigaparsecs or 14.7 billion light-years); these galaxies have a recession speed that is faster than the speed of light. Light that is emitted today from galaxies beyond the cosmological event horizon, about 5 gigaparsecs or 16 billion light-years, will never reach us, although we can still see the light that these galaxies emitted in the past. ".
